Ehtaplenã®ææ³
2023-04-09 å ¬é, 2023-09-23 ä¿®æ£
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os en pan /ãªã»ã³ãã³/ãç§ã¯äººéã§ãã
os on pan /ãªãœã³ãã³/ãããªãã¯äººéã§ãã
os in pan /ãªã¹ã£ã³ãã³/ããã(圌女/圌)ã¯äººéã§ãã
os A B:ãAã¯Bã§ããen:ãç§ãon:ãããªããin:ããããpan:ã人éã
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(Ehtaplenã«æçæ§ã¯ãªãã®ã§ãã圌女/圌ãããããããšè¡šçŸããŸãã)
åŠå®(on-)
onos en niwon /ãªãã»ã³ããŠã©ã³/ãç§ã¯éã§ã¯ãããŸããã
os onen niwon /ãªãœãã³ããŠã©ã³/ãç§ã¯éã§ã¯ãããŸããã
on-:ã-ã§ã¯ãªããos A B:ãAã¯Bã§ããen:ãç§ã niwon:ãéã
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圢容è©è¿°èªæ(-is A)
knis niwonãéã¯ããããã
niwon knis ãããããéã
knis A:ãAã¯ããããã niwon:ãéã
ããããããã¯åè©ã§ã¯ãªãã®ã§osã䜿ãããšãã§ããŸããããããã¯ããããããšèšããããšãã¯ããAã¯ããããããšãã1é åè©ã䜿ããŸãã圢容è©ã¯1é åè©ãªã®ã§ãæ«å°Ÿã¯-isã®åœ¢ã«ãªããŸãããŸããä»ã®èšèªã§åœ¢å®¹è©ãšãããè¡šçŸã¯ãehtaplenã®èŸæžã§ã¯åè©ã«ç»é²ãããŠããŸãã
圢容è©ãåè©ã®åŸã«çœ®ããšåè©ã修食ã§ããŸãã
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pis panã人ã¯å¯ãã
pan pis ãå¯ã人ã
pis A:ãAã¯å¯ãã en:ãç§ã
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ä»åè©æ(-es A B)
mes en niwonãç§ã¯éãé£ã¹ãã
mes en niwon gunisãç§ã¯ããããéãé£ã¹ãã
mes A B:ãAã¯Bãé£ã¹ããen:ãç§ã niwon:ãéãgunis: ãããããã
ç®çèªã瀺ããŠããããïœãããšèšããããšãã¯ä»åè©ã䜿ããŸããä»åè©ã¯åŸãã«åè©ã2ã€ç¶ãã1ã€ç®ãäž»èªã2ã€ç®ãç®çèªã«ãªããŸããä»åè©ã¯äºã€ã®åè©ïŒé ïŒãèŠæ±ããã®ã§ã2é åè©ãšãèšããŸãã2é åè©ã®æ«å°Ÿã¯-esã§ãã2é åè©ã¯ããããããéãã®ãããª1é åè©ã§äœã£ãå¥ãäž»èªãç®çèªãšããŠãšãããšãã§ããŸãã
ä»åè©ã®å¥(A -es B C)
pan mes in niwonãéãé£ã¹ã人ã
pan mes niwon inãéã«é£ã¹ããã人ã
pan:ã人ãmes A B:ãAã¯Bãé£ã¹ãã in:ãããã niwon:ãéã
åè©ã®ããšã«ãåè©+äž»èª+ç®çèªãç¶ããããšã§ã2é åè©ã®å¥ãã€ãããåè©ã修食ããããšãã§ããŸããåè©ãšå¥ã®äž»èªãåãæã¯ãå¥ã®äž»èªãinããããã«ããŸããååæ ãè¡šçŸããããšãã¯ãå¥ã®äž»èªãšå¥ã®ç®çèªã亀代ããŸãã
å¯æ2é åè©æ(-os A B)
kos pan niwonã人ãšéã¯éãã
kos A B:ãAã¯Bãšéããpan:ã人ã niwon:ãéã
2ã€ã®é ã亀æããŠãæå³ã®å€ãããªã2é åè©ã¯æ«å°Ÿã-osã«ãªããŸããåé ã«ç»å Žããã³ãã¥ã©ã®âosâããã®ä»²éã§ãã
å¯æ2é åè©ã®å¥(A -os B)
olos pan niwonã人ãšéã¯äŒŒãŠããã
pan olos niwonãéã«äŒŒã人ã
olos A B: ãAãšBã¯äŒŒãŠãããpan:ã人ãniwon:ãéã
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3é åè©æ(-as A B C)
plas en niwon panãç§ã¯éã人ã«å€ããã
plas A B C:ãAã¯BãCã«å€ãããen:ãç§ãin:ãããã niwon:ãéã
ãå€ãããã®ããã«ã3ã€ã®é ãèŠæ±ããåè©ã¯æ«å°Ÿã-asã«ãªããŸãã
çåæ(en-)
enos in niwon? /ãšãã¹ã£ã³ããŠã©ã³?/ãããã¯éã§ããïŒã
en-:ã-ïŒãos A B:ãAã¯Bã§ãã in:ãããã niwon:ãéã
çåæã¯æé ã«enãã€ããããšã§è¡šçŸããŸã
kus, os in niwon /ã¯ã¹ããªã¹ã£ã³äºãŠã©ã³/ãã¯ããããã¯éã§ãã
onkus, anos in niwon /ã¢ã³ã¯ã¹ãã¢ãã¹ã£ã³äºãŠã©ã³/ãããããããã¯éã§ã¯ãããŸããã
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çåã®enã¯åŠå®ã®anã®åã«æ¥ãŸã
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os in an? /ãªã¹ã£ãã³?/ãããã¯äœã§ããïŒã
en-:ã-ïŒãin:ããããan:ãäœã
é ãanã§çœ®ãæãããšãé ã®å 容ãèãããšãã§ããŸã
as on ? /ã¢ãœã³?/ãããªãã¯äœãããŸããïŒã
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es en tekollanãç§ã¯ä»äºãããã
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es: ããããen: ãç§ãtekollan: ãä»äºã
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å Žæ(los -), (lus -)
htis niwonãéã¯äœãã
htis los miklan niwonãéã¯æµ·ã«äœãã
htis niwon los miklanãæµ·ã«ããéã¯äœãã
htis: ãäœããlos (å Žæ): ã(å Žæ)ã«ãmiklan: ãæµ·ãniwon:ãéã
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htis niwon, lus miklanãéã¯äœãã§ããŸããæµ·ã«ã
htis: ãäœããmiklan: ãæµ·ãniwon:ãéãlus (å Žæ) ã(å Žæ)ã«ã
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æé(yos -), (yus -)
plos yos homezan en niwon ãç§ã¯æšæ¥éã«äŒã£ãã
niwon yos homezan ãæšæ¥ã®éã
plos A B: ãAãšBãäŒããyos (æå»): ã(æå»)ã«ãhomezan: ãæšæ¥ãen: ãç§ãniwon: ãéã
åè©ãåè©ã®ããšã«yos+æéãç¶ããããšã§æéãè¡šçŸã§ããŸãã
plos en niwon, yus homezanãç§ã¯éã«äŒã£ããæšæ¥ã
plos A B: ãAãšBãäŒããen: ãç§ãniwon: ãéãhomezan: ãæšæ¥ã
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䞊å(-t)
knist jis niwonãéã¯ãããããŠå°ããã
knis niwont pan ãéãšäººéã¯ããããã
knist knist knis niwon ãéã¯ãããããŠãããããŠããããã
knis: ããããããjis: ãå°ãããniwon: ãéã
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æ¥ç¶(tus), (shus), (shalus), (nus)
äžç«ã®æ¥ç¶(tus)
knis niwon. tus knis panãéã¯ããããããããŠã人éãããããã
knis: ããããããniwon: ãéãtus:ããããŠãpan: ã人éã
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é æ¥(shus)
knis niwon. shus knis panãéã¯ãããããã ããã人éãããããã
knis: ããããããniwon: ãéãshus:ãã ãããpan: ã人éã
é æ¥ã®æ¥ç¶è©ã¯shusã§ãã
çç±ã»æ ¹æ (shalus)
knis niwon. shalus knis panãéã¯ããããããªããªãã人éãããããããã ã
knis: ããããããniwon: ãéãshalus:ããªããªããpan: ã人éã
çç±ãæ ¹æ ãè¡šãæ¥ç¶è©ã¯shalusã§ããshusãšæã®é åºãéã«ãªããŸãã
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knis niwon. nus onknis panãéã¯ããããããããã人éã¯ãããããªãã
knis: ããããããniwon: ãéãnus:ãããããpan: ã人éã
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æ³(å©åè©)
å¯èœ(-tos)
mekis niwonãéã¯æ³³ãã
mekitos niwonãéã¯æ³³ããã
mekis: ãæ³³ããniwon: ãéã
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onmekitos enãç§ã¯æ³³ããªãã
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åžæ±(-tis)
ples en niwonãç§ã¯éã«ãªãã
pletis en niwonãç§ã¯éã«ãªãããã
ples A B: ãAãBã«ãªããen: ãç§ãniwon: ãéã
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åœä»€(-tes)
ples on niwonãããªãã¯éã«ãªãã
pletes on niwon!ãããªãã¯éã«ãªããªãã!ã
ples A B: ãAãBã«ãªããon: ãããªããniwon: ãéã
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pletes un niwon!ãéã«ãªã!ã
ples A B: ãAãBã«ãªããun: ããããniwon: ãéã
察象ãçç¥ããããšãã¯un(: ãã)ã代ããã«å ¥ããŸãã
çŠæ¢(on-tes)
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pletas on niwon, bajilis manãããªããéã«ãªãã°ãåœã¯å¯ãã
ples A B: ãAãBã«ãªããon: ãããªããniwon: ãéãbajilis: ãå¯ãã
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ples A B: ãAãBã«ãªããon: ãããªããniwon: ãéãbajilis: ãå¯ãã
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ples A B: ãAãBã«ãªããun: ããããniwon: ãéã
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å¯è©(-s -s)
1é åè©ã®å¯è©(-s -is)
mekis chepis niwon ãéã¯éãæ³³ãã
niwon chepis ãéãéã
mekis: ãæ³³ããchepis: ãéããniwon: ãéã
äžé åè©(圢容è©)ã®ãªãã«ã¯åè©ã®çŽåŸã«ç¶ãããšåè©ã修食ã§ãããã®ããããŸããåè©ã修食ããããšãã§ããã®ã§ãèŸæžã§ã¯å¯è©ã§ã¯ãªãåè©ãšããŠæžãããŠããŸãã
2é åè©ã®å¯è©ãæ¯èŒã®è¡šçŸ(-s -es A B)
knis kefeles in pan niwon ãéã¯äººéãããããããã
knis kefeles pan in niwon ãéã¯äººéã»ã©ã§ã¯ãªããããããã
knis: ããããããkefeles A B: ãAã¯BãããçšåºŠã匷ããin: ããããpan: ã人éãniwon: ãéã
äºé åè©(ä»åè©)ã®ãªãã«ã¯åè©ã®çŽåŸã«ç¶ãããšåè©ã修食ã§ãããã®ããããŸãã2é åè©ã§åäœã修食ãããšãã¯ä¿®é£Ÿå¯Ÿè±¡ãšãªãåäœãinã§è¡šããŸããäºã€ããé ã®ãã¡ãã©ã¡ããinã«ãããã«ãã£ãŠæå³ãå€ãããŸãã
å¯æ2é åè©ã®å¯è©(-s -os A)
mekis olos niwon en ãç§ã¯éã¿ããã«æ³³ãã
pan olos niwon ãéã¿ãããªäººã
mekis: ãæ³³ããolos A B: ãAãšBã¯äŒŒãŠãããpan: ã人éã
å¯æ2é åè©(-osã§çµããåè©)ã¯äºã€ã®é ãå ¥ãæ¿ããŠãæå³ãå€ãããªãã®ã§ãåè©ã修食ãããšããšåãããã«å¯è©ãšããŠåè©ã修食ãããšããinãåžžã«çç¥ããŸããolos niwon inãšã¯ãªããŸããã
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mekis chepis pelis niwon ãéã¯ãšãŠãéãæ³³ãã
mekis: ãæ³³ããchepis A B: ãéããpelis: ããšãŠããniwon: ãéã
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wens in an âos en panâ ããç§ã¯äººéã ããšåœŒã¯èšã£ãã
wes: ãèšããin: ããã(圌)ãos: A B ãAã¯Bã ãen: ãç§ã pan: ã人éã
æé ã«anãä»ãããšéµæ¬åŒ§ãã€ããããã«æå šäœãå¥(ç¯)ã«ã§ããŸãã
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os A B: ãAã¯Bã ãin: ããããshilakan: ããªã³ãŽãgus: ãäžã€ãbeusilan: ãã¿ããã
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Not(ous)
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os A B: ãAã¯Bã ãin: ããããous A: ãA以å€ã®ãã®ãshilakan: ããªã³ãŽã